The process really began much earlier. Newton, for example, revolutionised physics, and the so-called "Natural Sciences", by reducing the physical universe to a linear arithematical equation. Descartes did the same thing with culture, John Locke did it with Politics, and Adam Smith did it with Economics. Each on eo these "Thinkers" took a piece of the spirituality of human existence, and converted it into a code, an abstraction. They picked up where Christianity ended, they "secularised" Christian Religion, as the "scholars" like to say, and in so doing they made Europe more able and ready to act as an expansionist culture. Each of these intellectual revolutions served to abstract the european mentality even further, to remove the wonderful complexity and spirituality fro mthe Universe, and to replace it with a logical sequence: one, two, three; answer.

This is what has come to be termed "efficiency" in the european mind. Whatever is mechanical is perfect, whatever seems to work at the moment, that is, proves the mechanical model to be the right one, is considered "correct," even when it is clearly untrue. This is why "truth" changes so fast in the european mind. The answers which result from such a process are only stopgaps, only temporary. They must be continuously discarded in favour of new stopgaps which support

[the mechanical models and keep them, the models, alive. Hegel and Marx were heirs to the thinking of Newton, Descartes, Locke and Smith. Hegel finished the process of "secularising theology", and that is put in his own terms.]

He secularised the religious thinking through which Europe understood the universe. Then, Marx put Hegel's philosophy in terms of "Materialism", which is to say that Marx de-spiritualised Hegel's work altogether. Again, this is in Marx's own terms, and this is now seen as the "future revolutionary potential of Europe." Europeans may see this as revolutionary, but American Indians see it simply as still more of that same old european conflict between "being" and "gaining."